Understanding Executive Functioning Challenges in Kids – and How OT Can Help

Have you ever wondered why your child struggles to get ready in the morning, finish homework, or remember simple instructions? These everyday struggles might not be about motivation or effort. They could be related to something called executive functioning skills.

What Are Executive Functioning Skills?

Think of executive functioning skills as the “manager” of the brain. They help us plan, organize, remember, and stay on track with daily life. Kids rely on these skills to succeed at school, at home, and with friends.

Some important executive functioning skills include:

• Planning & Organization – keeping track of materials and steps in a task

• Working Memory – holding onto information long enough to use it (like remembering directions)

• Impulse Control – stopping to think before acting

• Flexible Thinking – adjusting when things don’t go as planned

• Time Management – using time wisely to complete tasks

  
  

Signs Your Child May Be Struggling

Children with executive functioning challenges might:

• Forget to bring home the right books or assignments

• Have a hard time starting or finishing tasks

• Lose track of time or get “stuck” on one activity

• Struggle with transitions or changes in routine

• Seem disorganized or overwhelmed easily

It’s important to remember—these challenges are not laziness. They’re signs that a child’s brain needs more support in building these important life skills.

How Occupational Therapy Can Help

Occupational therapists (OTs) specialize in helping kids develop the skills they need for everyday activities—schoolwork, routines, play, and beyond. For executive functioning challenges, OT can help by:

• Teaching kids step-by-step strategies to break down big tasks into smaller, manageable parts

• Using visual supports like charts, checklists, and schedules to keep kids on track

• Practicing self-regulation skills to manage frustration and stay calm when things feel hard

• Building organizational routines for homework, backpacks, and personal spaces

• Coaching families on ways to create supportive home and school environments

  
  

How Parents Can Support at Home

Along with OT support, parents can help by:

• Keeping routines consistent

• Breaking directions into simple steps

• Offering reminders with visual cues (sticky notes, calendars, or timers)

• Encouraging short breaks to prevent overwhelm

• Celebrating effort, not just results

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✨ The Bottom Line: Executive functioning challenges can impact many areas of a child’s life—but with the right support, kids can build confidence and independence. Occupational therapy provides tools and strategies that make everyday tasks easier, reducing frustration and helping your child thrive at home, at school, and beyond.

💡 If you think your child may be struggling with executive functioning, our PFG Therapy

OT team is here to help!